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Chaitanya, R. K.
- Modulation of Midgut Peritrophins' Expression during Plasmodium Infection in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera:Culicidae)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, IN
2 Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, IN
1 Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, IN
2 Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 01 (2017), Pagination: 154-160Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (PM) serves as a barrier to pathogens in many disease vectors including mosquitoes. The Plasmodium ookinete has to cross the PM barrier for its successful establishment in the mosquito midgut and subsequent transmission. It is conceived that alterations to PM may lead to a block in infection. Peritrophins which are the major constituents of PM are yet to be elucidated at molecular level. The present study demonstrates Anopheles stephensi midgut peritrophins' expression during Plasmodium berghei infection. Eight peritrophin genes (Per 10, Per 16, Per 22, Per 25, Per 26, Per 28, Per 30 & Per 43) of A. stephensi were identified from vectorbase, isolated from the adult midgut, and expression pattern monitored in real-time, in normal and infected blood meal conditions. Temporal expression of peritrophins in the midgut was monitored every 6 h till 24 h post blood meal. Results showed that the Per 10, Per 16, Per 22, Per 25 and Per 26 expression was significantly downregulated during Plasmodium infection whereas Per 30 and Per 43 expression was markedly up-regulated. The Per 28 expression was low initially but elevated later. This data clearly indicates that peritrophins are differentially modulated in infected midgut. The significance of differential expression of peritrophins' in parasite transmission is discussed further.Keywords
Anopheles stephensi, Malaria, Peritrophins, Plasmodium berghei, Transmission.Full Text
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- Beta-Lactamase Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter Species Isolated from Healthy and Diarrheic Dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India
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Materials and Methods: A total of 136 rectal swabs were collected from healthy (92) and diarrheic (44) dogs, bacteriological cultured for Klebsiella and Enterobacter growth and screened for beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance phenotypically by disc diffusion method and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction targeting blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M Group 1, 2, blaAmpC, blaACC, and blaMOX genes.
Results: A total of 33 Klebsiella and 29 Enterobacter isolates were recovered. Phenotypic beta-lactamase resistance was detected in 66.6% and 25% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from healthy dogs and 66.6% and 60% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from diarrheic dogs. Overall, incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found to be 21.2% (7/33) in Klebsiella isolates, whereas none of the Enterobacter isolates exhibited ESBL phenotype. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Klebsiella species include blaSHV (84.8%), followed by blaTEM (33.3%), blaCTX-M Group 1 (15.1%), and blaOXA (6.1%) gene. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Enterobacter species include blaSHV (48.2%), followed by blaTEM (24.1%), blaAmpC (13.7%), and blaOXA (10.3%) gene.
Conclusion: The present study highlighted alarming beta-lactamase resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species of canine origin in India with due emphasis as indicators of antimicrobial resistance.
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 10, No 8 (2017), Pagination: 950-954Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species isolated from healthy and diarrheic dogs in Andhra Pradesh.Materials and Methods: A total of 136 rectal swabs were collected from healthy (92) and diarrheic (44) dogs, bacteriological cultured for Klebsiella and Enterobacter growth and screened for beta-lactamase antimicrobial resistance phenotypically by disc diffusion method and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction targeting blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M Group 1, 2, blaAmpC, blaACC, and blaMOX genes.
Results: A total of 33 Klebsiella and 29 Enterobacter isolates were recovered. Phenotypic beta-lactamase resistance was detected in 66.6% and 25% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from healthy dogs and 66.6% and 60% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolates, respectively, from diarrheic dogs. Overall, incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found to be 21.2% (7/33) in Klebsiella isolates, whereas none of the Enterobacter isolates exhibited ESBL phenotype. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Klebsiella species include blaSHV (84.8%), followed by blaTEM (33.3%), blaCTX-M Group 1 (15.1%), and blaOXA (6.1%) gene. Predominant beta-lactamase genes detected in Enterobacter species include blaSHV (48.2%), followed by blaTEM (24.1%), blaAmpC (13.7%), and blaOXA (10.3%) gene.
Conclusion: The present study highlighted alarming beta-lactamase resistance in Klebsiella and Enterobacter species of canine origin in India with due emphasis as indicators of antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords
Beta-Lactamase Resistance, Dogs, Enterobacter, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Klebsiella.Full Text